Alcoa Power Generating Inc., Yadkin Division : Environment: Shoreline Management Plan: Stewardship Policy : Voluntary Shoreline Stewardship Measures

Stewardship Policy
XVI. Voluntary Shoreline Stewardship Measures (Continued)

Table 3
Beneficial Trees and Plants Recommended for Use by Adjoining Property Owners in Landscaping and in Establishing a Forested Reservoir Shoreline

	Species Name	Height	Characteristics/Benefits
Large Deciduous Trees	Red Maple Acer rubrum	75’	fast growing; early red blossom; globular; prefers wet but tolerates dry soil
	Sugar Maple Acer saccharum	75’	oval; beautiful fall color; prefers sandy, loam soil; needs sun
	River Birch Betula nigra	50-75’	fast growing; prefers moist locations; attractive bark; needs sun; wildlife value
	Shagbark Hickory Carya ovata	60-80’	oval; narrow habit; nuts; wildlife value; needs deep rich soil and sun
	Mockernut Hickory Carya tomentosa	75-100’	attractive ascending branches; yellow fall color; drought tolerant; wildlife value
	American Beech Fagus grandifolia	80’	large trunk with wide spreading branches; slow growing; prefers well-drained soil; wildlife value
	Red or Green Ash Fraxinus pennsylvanica	60’	fast growing; oval; prefers rich, well-drained soil
	American Ash Fraxinus americanus	70-90’	fast growing; wildlife value; prefers well-drained loamy soils; late summer-fall fruit
	Honey Locust Gleditsia triancanthos	80’	fast growing; globular; fine foliage; tolerates any soil type
	Sweet Gum Liquidamber styraciflua	50’	rapid growth; pyramidal; pretty fall color; unusual leaf; likes well drained, wet soil and sun.
	Tulip Poplar Liriodendron tulipifera	80-120’	rapid growth; pyramidal; tulip like flower in May-June; prefers deep, rich soil and sun
	Blackgum, Tupelo Nyssa sylvatica	75’	horizontal branches; wildlife value; brilliant fall color; tolerates moist soil
	Sourwood, Sorrel Oxydendron arboreum	40-60’	pyramidal; flower tassels in July, glossy foliage; striking fall color
	Sycamore Platanus occidentalis	120’	oval; attractive white bark; attracts insects for birds; wildlife value; grows well on shoreline banks; needs sun
	Black Cherry Prunus serotina	55’	abundant fruit; wildlife value; white fragrant flowers
	White Oak Quercus alba	60-90’	largest of oaks; round-headed; wildlife value; tolerates a range of soils
	Black Oak Quercus velutina	75-100’	large ovoid oak; drought tolerant; shade tolerant; wildlife value
	Southern Red Oak Quercus falcata	60-80’	ovoid; drought tolerant; wildlife value
	Red Oak Quercus rubra	75-100’	large rounded oak; tolerates a wide range of soils; wildlife value
	Post Oak Quercus stellata	35-50’	spreading branches; globular; prefers sun and dry soils; wildlife value
	Scarlet Oak Quercus coccinea	60-80’	oval; medium grower; lustrous foliage; brilliant fall color; wildlife value; tolerates dry soil; needs sun
	Willow Oak Quercus phellos	50’	pyramidal; fast growing; fine textured foliage; tolerates wet/dry soil
Small Deciduous Trees	Shad Blow, Serviceberry Amelanchier arborea or canadenis	20-30’	oval; light grey bark; attractive white blossoms in early spring; red fruit in summer; wildlife value
	Ironwood Carpinus caroliniana	30’	oval; smooth grey bark; zig-zag branches; wing fruit; wildlife value; tolerates moist or dry soil; some sun
	Persimmon Diospyros virginiana	40-60’	oval; small canopy; picturesque contorted branches; fall yellow fruits; wildlife value
	Washington Hawthorn Crataegus phaenopyrum	30’	oval; brilliant fall color; June flower; bright red berry in fall/winter; wildlife value; tolerates poor soil, light shade
	Hackberry Celtis occidentalis	30-40’	round; rapid grower, corky knobs on bark; wildlife value; tolerates moist or dry soils
	Redbud Cercis canadensis	40’	globular; beautiful pink-purple flower clusters in April; heart shaped leaf; prefers deep, moist soil; tolerates light shade
	Fringetree Chionanthus virginicus	30’	pyramidal; slow growing fragrant June flower; wildlife value; needs deep, moist soil; tolerates light shade
	Flowering Dogwood Cornus florida	30’	oval; beautiful white flowers in April/May; small red fruits; wildlife value; needs well-drained, acid soil; tolerates some shade
	Cockspur Hawthorn Crataegus crus-galli	30’	glossy foliage; dense habit; persistent red fruit; wildlife value; tolerates poor soil, some shade
Evergreen Trees	American Holly Ilex opaca	45’	red berry; wildlife value; needs moist, acid soil
	Loblolly Pine Pinus taeda	20-60’	pioneer species; wildlife value; tolerates sandy soils; needles in bundles
	Virginia Pine Pinus virginiana	20-60’	pioneer species; tolerates poor soils; wildlife value
	Shortleaf Pine Pinus echinata	30-60’	columnar; tolerates poor soils, prefers sun; wildlife value
	Eastern Red Cedar Juniperus virginiana	80’	pyramidal; wildlife value; thick branches, dense foliage; tolerates poor soils
Evergreen Shrubs	Juniper Juniiperus communis	2-30’	oval; bluish gray; tolerates dry, poor soil
	Moutain Laurel Kalmia latifolia	5-30’	whorled leaves; flowers May/June; prefers deep, moist, acid soil; tolerates light sun
	Bayberry Myrica heterophylla	4-8’	persistent leaves; aromatic; wildlife value; tolerates dry, sandy soils
	Wax Myrtle Myrica cerifera	25-30’	persistent leaves; wildlife value; grayish, waxy fruit; inconspicuous flowers
	Rhododendron Rhododendron catawbiense	12-15’	majestic bell-shaped purple flowers (also cultivated varieties in other colors);tolerates poor soil, acid loving
	Great Laurel, Rosebay Rhododendron maximum	15-25’	June flower; large waxy leaves; needs acid, moist soil
Deciduous Shrubs	Common Alder Alnus serulata	12-20’	oval; purple catkins spring; prefers sun and moist soils; flood tolerant; wildlife value
	Red Chokeberry Arontia arbutifolia	9’	flowers May-June; smooth pale leaves; red berry; wildlife value; tolerates wet acid or dry soil
	Black Chokeberry Arontia melanocarpa	3-6’	oval, black berry; wildlife value; tolerates wet acid or dry soil
	New Jersey Tea Ceanothus americana	1-3’	globular or mounded; dense red stems; tolerant of poor soils; wildlife value
	Sweet Pepperbush Clethra alnifolia	6’	oval; fragrant summer flower; persistent brown seed; wildlife value; tolerates acid wet or dry soil and some shade
	Sweetbay Magnolia Magnolia virginiana	12-20’	oval; aromatic foliage; large white flowers; wet to moist soils; acid loving
	Red Osier Dogwood Cornus stolonifera	6-12’	globular or mounded; upright spreading red-purple stems; flood tolerant; wildlife value
	Gray Dogwood Cornus racemosa	8-15’	vase; June clustered flower; gray stalk, white berry; wildlife value; tolerates any soil type
	Strawberry Bush Euonymus americanus	6’	oval; purple-pink fruit capsule; bright fall color; needs moist, deep fertile soil
	Witch-alders Fothergilla species	3-6’	oval; brilliant fall color; needs moist, rich soil
	Possumhaw Ilex decidua	12-20’	oval; branching shrub; prefers wet sites; shade tolerant; winter red berries; wildlife value
	Winterberry Ilex verticillata	4-9’	oval; small flower in spring; bright red berry; wildlife value; tolerates any soil and some shade
	Wild Plum Prunus sp.	20-35’	globular, white flowers May; red-purple fruits in fall; prefers sun
	Pink Pinxter Azalea Rhododendron nudiflorum	6’	oval; April-May pink flower; needs moist, acid soil; tolerates light sun
	Clammy Swamp Azalea Rhododendron viscosum	9-15’	oval; needs moist, acid soil; tolerates light sun
	Shining Sumac Rhus copallina	8-30’	globular; lustrous foliage; summer flower; red fruit; wildlife value; tolerates dry, sandy soil; needs sun
	Smooth Sumac Rhus glabra	6-20’	globular; summer flower; red fruit; wildlife value; needs deep, well-drained soil and some shade
	Black Willow Salix nigra	10-30’	upright branching; prefers moist areas flood tolerant; wildlife value
	Elderberry Sambucus canadensis	6-12’	oval; flat flower cluster early summer; wildlife value; needs deep, well-drained soil and sun
	Coralberry Indian Currant Symphoricarpos orbiculatus	3-6’	small pale oval leaves; curving branches; wildlife value; tolerates poor soil and some shade
	Common Deerberry Vaccinium stamineum	6-12’	globular; upright spreading branches; nodding bell flowers May; wildlife value
	Mapleleaf Viburnum Viburnum acerifolium	4’	ovoid; small shrub; maple shaped leaves; shade tolerant; wildlife value
	Black Haw Viburnum prunifolium	10-25’	attractive flower clusters; wildlife value; bluish-black fruit; oval leaf; tolerates range of soils
	Yellow-root Xanthorhiza simplicissima	2’	yellow bark and root; small flower; tolerates any moist or dry soil
Hardy Ground Cover	Lady Fern Athyrium filix-femina	2-3’	Nice texture; tolerates shade and wet soil; not drought tolerant
	Violet Wood Sorrel Oxalis violacea	4-8"	Excellent for rock gardens; tolerates some shade, dry soil and drought
	Grass-leaved Blazing Star Liatrus graminifolia	1-3"	rose-purple flowers in late summer; hairy stem
	Bird-Foot Violet Viola pedata	2-6"	purple flowers; tolerates some shade, dry soil and drought
	Barren Strawberry Waldsteinia fragarioides	4-6"	edging or border planting; tolerates some shade, dry soil and drought
Ornamental Grasses	Switch Grass Panicum virgatum	5’	makes excellent dried flowers, screen; needs sun; tolerates dry soil and drought
Vines	Trumpet Creeper Campis radicans	to 35’	large red-orange trumpet flowers; attracts hummingbirds; needs sun; tolerates poor soils;
	Trumpet Honeysuckel Lonicera semervirens	to 20’	yellow-red trumpet flowers, attracts hummingbirds; shade tolerant; semi-evergreen
	Virginia Creeper Parthenocissus quinquefolia	to 35’	bright red fall foliage, blue-black berries, high wildlife value, shade tolerant, fast growth rate, long-lived
	Wild Grape Vitis species	to 35’	blue-black berries, very high wildlife value, shade tolerant, fast growth rate
Flowering Perennials	Butterfly Weed Asclepias tuberosa	2-3’	attracts butterflies; brilliant orange flower; needs sun; tolerates dry soil and drought
	Threadleaf Coreopsis Coreopsis verticillata	1-2’	airy texture; yellow, star-shaped flower; needs sun; tolerates dry soil and drought
	Queen Anne’s Lace Daucus carota	2-3’	delicate texture; white bloom; needs sun; tolerates dry soil and drought
	Geum Geum virginianum	2-3’	airy habit; colorful; needs sun; tolerates dry soil and drought
	Blazing Star Liatris scariosa	1-5’	erect, bushy habit; bold color; needs sun; tolerates dry soil and drought
	Wild Sweet William Phlox divaricata	1-2’	small, crowded flowers that bloom all summer; needs sun; tolerates dry soil and drought
	Black-eyed Susan Rudbeckia hirta var. Pulcherrima	1-3’	yellow, daisy-like flower; upright habit; needs sun; tolerates dry soil and drought
	Virginia Spiderwort Tradescantia virginiana	1-2’	handsome blue flowers; low, compact growth; needs sun; tolerates wet soil and drought
	Culver’s Root Veronica verginica	3-6’	background planting; upright habit; needs sun; tolerates dry soil and drought
	Wild Bergamot Monarda fistulosa	3’	lilac to purple flowers; prefers dry soils; excellent perennial herb
	Cardinal Flower Lobelia cardinalis	2-3’	bright scarlet flowers; prefers moist soil, partial shade; erect perennial
	Wild Columbine Aquilegia canadensis	1-2’	excellent garden selection; yellow and red flowers; prefers loamy soil, partial shade
	Fire Pink Silene virginica	6-10"	deep crimson petals; prefers well-drained sandy soil; flowers in loose cluster